As according last week, Mazda is set to cycle out the world’s first compression ignition gas engine in a production car. And today element of its global debut have been habitual.
The ground-breaking diesel-style concretion ignition petrol engine, enhanced commonly known as the Homogeneous Impediment Compression Ignition or HCCI locomotive, will launch in 2019, with basic application expected to be the next-siring Mazda3, which is due for debut in the duplicate year.
The revolutionary technology uses radical high compression ratio – as lots as 18.0:1 – in a petrol engine to admit combustion without the use of spark bung, just like in a diesel appliance. Mazda’s production HCCI appliance will operate on conventional arc ignition on start up or low temperature weather, then automatically and seamlessly switching to compression ignition. It’s claimed that The leaning-burn process is claimed to assemble more efficient combustion, which diminish fuel consumption and emissions. It’s aforementioned to improve fuel efficiency by up to 30 per centime, sipping as little as 3.5L/100km and emotional no more than 95g/km in emission for a 2.0-l engine, with no compromise in machine performance.
Called Controlled Densification Ignition, the technology will be deployed in the troupe’s next generation engines titled SKYACTIV-X, which will insert production in 2019 and replace the ongoing SKYACTIV-G engines.
Kiyoshi Fujiwara, Administrator and Senior Managing Executive Lawman at Mazda today explains in discussion the HCCI engine and its working code.
Full press release further down:
Good afternoon ladies and gentlemen.
I am Fujiwara, postpositive major executive with oversight on R&D, MDI, and value innovation.
As President Kogai earliest explained ‘Sustainable Zoom-Dart 2030,’ our long-term eyesight for technology development, we need to maintenance solve issues facing the existence and society, while at the same abstraction enrich people’s mind and spirit through fundamental appeal of the auto. That is what people deprivation seamlessly in their life.
Mid those issues, what I would agnate to focus on today is concerning the discount of greenhouse gas as a challenge for ‘the globe’ in order to address global hot.
To fulfill our mission in the automotive manufacture, we Mazda want to account the conveyance’ lifecycle and look at CO2 emitted during fabrication, usage, and disposal of vehicles in course to put the first priority to greenhouse gas discount.
During the vehicle usage, CO2 expelling is especially large, but again we attending at Well-to-Wheel CO2 emissions so that we can pee-pee a maximum contribution to CO2 reduction.
Acknowledged the energy source and how electricity is generated in Everyone region of the world, we believe aggregate solutions for power source are required rather than just one if we thirst for to reduce CO2 in an optimum way for each area.
We showed a graph in 2008 that aforethought which power source would be used in the world. Now we feel the projection sour out to be almost correct. Although authority’s policy in each country has any impact, (click) we buy the forecast for 2035 as shown hither.
For the future, internal combustion apparatus are still projected to stay as bulk powertrains around the world, ergo we think it is an imperative and fundamental job for us to follow ideal internal combustion mechanism thoroughly.
Of course electrification including organization such as mild hybrid is requisite, but a pursuit for ideal internal burning engine should come first off, then we combine electrification technologies with much engines. That is our unwavering, canonical strategy.
Around the class, SKYACTIVE-G and D are highly evaluated, and they faculty be continuously improved and upgraded to assert their high competitiveness. The adjacent generation technologies including the alongside generation gasoline engine, ‘SKYACTIV-X’ which was aloof introduced earlier, will be mounted in factual products in the fiscal year end March 2019.
Together with G and D, it Testament add further uniqueness to Mazda’s locomotive lineup and will help us to reciprocate to diversifying customer needs.
Supported upon the evolution and improvement of inner combustion engines as the foundation, we faculty be taking further steps to take in electrification technologies, evolving from i-Blank wall, i-eloop, to Mild Hybrid, EV, and P-HEV.
Tod I will focus on the first development and the highlight of our plan, the new generation petrol engine ‘SKYACTIV-X.’ I will speak mainly about the technology conceptualization as well as customer values. As for discipline details, we will provide them cool with the drive experience at a essayer drive event we are preparing presently.
To give you a recap, I would wish to use the roadmap we have showen in 2009.
Mazda has forever been striving to make epitome engines, and by identifying controlling particular, we steadfastly reached closer to return the ideal combustion.
What I am presenting now is a new burning technology, which is the 2nd step toward the objective we have been aiming for by reason of the first introduction of SKYACTIV; the destination to deliver an ideal internal burning engine powered by gasoline.
Let me consign you a little more details.
In one chat, our new engine is capable of combusting petrol fuel by compression ignition ethical like a diesel engine does.
In over-the-counter words, ‘SKYACTIV-X’ combines the characteristics of both petrol and diesel engines. It is a new Mazda only internal combustion engine that outfit excellent environmental performance, capability output and dynamic performance with no cooperation on any of them, and fully supports Jinba-Ittai dynamic Mazda aspires for. It is an engine that arise by the earth and people.
We have been aiming to hit excellent real-world fire economy, emission, and responsive dynamic that works well with anthropoid senses. We want to deliver all of them at colossal dimensions. The ideal combustion that lend a hand us to meet this goal is titled CCI (controlled compression ignition) .
The signal may not sound familiar, I am afraid. CCI agency completely ‘controlled ‘ compression lighting.’
There are two key words here.
The archetypal is compression ignition, and the second is a ability to completely control the compression kindling, which is Mazda’s original application.
Let me explain what compression inflammation is.
CI (compression ignition) is a combustion disposition adopted for diesel engines. Annoying to do the same combustion in gasoline machine is called HCCI (homogeneous burden compression ignition)
It is a combustion manner where gasoline and air are completely integrated and ignited by compression temperature and vigour. Very lean air-fuel compound that is too lean to combust by sparkle ignition, can combust by this disposal cleanly and rapidly. It offers sake such as better thermal competence, better fuel economy, with fewer NOx emissons.
What we are so obsessed with the densification ignition? There are mainly two justification.
The first reason is to make a larger breakthrough in lean combustion to blemish thin air-fuel mixture.
If we wishing to improve fuel economy, we should slenderize the amount of fuel to burn, Gaunt combustion has been applied to arc ignition combustion, but it has reached the leanest viable level already.
On the other share, if compression ignition is realized, sup lean combustion can be achieved with air-fire mixture that is two times dilute, far exceeding the stoichiometric air-fuel correspondence. Spark ignition would not erupt such a thin air-fuel assortment. Simply put, compression ignition can acquire combustion with a half bigness of fuel compared to conventional burning.
Secondly, right after the plunger starts moving from the top defunct center, combustion takes accommodation spontaneously and rapidly in everywhere in the burning chamber, which enhances the forcefulness to push the piston and does it for a long time, which improves proficiency.
Realization of compression ignition in gas engine was said to be a dream for architect. If deployed on a commercial product, we accredit our engine will be the first to in the sphere.
There were, however, two considerable challenges in HCCI combustion.
Foremost, HCCI works only at a constricted range (of RPM and load.)
Secondly, to overthrown the first challenge, we needed to submission spark ignition along with HCCI. But in temporary time or under a variety of deviating conditions, it was difficult to ensure static switchover between spark firing and HCCI combustion.
Due to these take exception to, the technology was yet to be deployed in a commercial consequence in spite of attempts by many Partner and engineers.
Therefore, our task was to enlarge the range where compression lighting combustion works and deploy technologies to entirely control the switchover between at variance combustion methods with gas fuel. This control application is a breakthrough and an original technology proprietorship to Mazda.
Next, I will concisely talk about the technology that all controls compression ignition.
In succession to have stable combustion at all compass, it is necessary to have switchovers betwixt SI and CI, which requires to have a discharge plug in the structure. We turn that into vantage, and use the spark plug as a control fixin’s to control the compression ignition. Exclude for a certain cold temperature weather, CI combustion is feasible in almost all scope.
In order to understanding this as a brain wave, I will explain it in a simplified way.
The entelechic system involves a lot more burdensome controls, which will be explained one at a time, so please take this interpretation as just a concept.
Spherical blaze expanded by the spark plug inflammation serves as a second piston (air plunger,) and further compresses the air-fuel mix in combustion chamber to facilitate the vital environment for compression ignition to obtain place. By controlling the ignition timing by the twinkle plug, we expand the compression lighting and make smooth switchover with discharge ignition, realizing completely contained compression ignition and spark firing.
This completely controlled contraction and spark ignition are made credible by Mazda’s proprietary combustion manner, SPCCI (stands for spark contained compression ignition.) It is the combustion where contraction ignition combustion is controlled by discharge ignition.
Also, as a technology to avail raise the ratio of compression inflammation combustion, the new engine is equipped with air utility device that can send air into Very funny compressed cylinders.
In order to flourish CI combustion to the mid to high load stove, a large amount of air has to be taken in, and for that ambition, the air supply device helps and spread out the range of CI, which contributes to both impulsive performance and fuel efficiency.
Show one’s gratitude to these measures, as shown in the conceptual diagram, the ratio of compression ignition burning is heightened to almost all range object for super low temperature condition, nevertheless even at such a condition, transmutation to spark ignition combustion is specious seamless.
We succeeded in realizing a unobjectionable engine that offers giant torque and excellent fuel saving thanks to super lean burning, which has never been viable with spark ignition.
Arc ignition kicks in when temperature is awfully low, but even in that condition the burning is same as SKYACTIV-G we currently exchange, proving the cumulative improvements of burning technology we have made.
Let me consider customer values the new engine Testament offer. There are mainly leash values.
The first value its extravagant driving as we promise to continue only if driving pleasure.
In SKYACTIV-X, air is forcefully pushed into cylinders to carry out compression ignition, which depart no delay for intake air in entering into cylinders, and you can spirit excellent driving response thanks to that.
When a customer is impulsive at a constant speed, pressing gun pedal 10%, and tries to draw level another car by speeding up with imperative the pedal 50%, the initial rejoinder for such scene is as good as that of ice engine which uses the alike compression ignition.
In this sketch, it may appear a small difference, but psychologically it presents a driver a great confidence and fix up with provision a feeling that the car is part of his or her intent. The car can merge into traffic without accent, which is a real tangible fee of responsive driving. We believe that oblation diesel engine’s benefits by a petrol engine is going to be a great capability of SKYACTIV-X.
Another point, the petrol engine’s strength, is its unconstrained excitement of expansion at high RPM, it is an advantage atop of diesel engine, and we believe it further provides a pleasure of driving too.
As a crop, the torque curve runs wish this. Thanks to the combination of SPCCI and the air hand mechanism, 10 to 30% of salient torque improvement is achieved compared to SKYACTIV-G.
Its even of evolution is same or better than SKYACTIV-G.
The moment value is a good fuel husbandry. There are two points of evolution thither.
The first evolution is a substantial advance in fuel consumption ratio.
With upon to fuel consumption, there is an betterment by 20% compared to SKYACTIV-G, attaining the scoop fuel economy for a gasoline machine in the world. (click)
Furthermore, in those locality where people drive at low velocity quite often, the fuel thrift is improved by maximum 30% or so appreciation to super lean combustion. Compared to the I4 motor in 2008, the improvement is drastic 30 to 45%, and gift better or same fuel husbandry with the latest SKYACTIV-D ice engine.
Its amazing improvement in combustible consumption at the light load arrange completely breaks the conventional comprehension that says “large motion is bad for fuel economy.
The second phylogeny is a flat characteristic of fuel use that shows small alteration in real world driving.
This map indicate fuel economy ratio. Attending at the conventional engine. The lighter the colouring, the better the fuel economy is. The unexpended one has the best fuel economy. Hard by is yellow green, then budding, then light blue.. the combustible economy gets worse in this direction.
When it comes to purpose-reinforced engines for HEV, their discussions are single about the highest efficiency stop, but in our case, we went beyond that to built fuel economy over in the chromatic colored range, and expanded to the gutless area to offer a flat tinder economy characteristic. From municipality streets to long distance road driving, good fuel saving continues even under a form of driving conditions with dynamic engine RPM and load.
As such, the new motor has fuel economy characteristics that can increase to real world driving radius, therefore whether it’s tested by WLTC, JC08 (brisk mode), or NEDC, there is emotional difference in its fuel economy shape. (WLTC is only for cold style, therefore we compared it with JC08 brisk mode.)
The third point is to convey both driving performance and combustible economy to realize driving joy.
This slide indicates how the excellence of wide area of good fire economy brings advantages to a car.
An appliance drives a vehicle by transmitting capability through a gear in the transmissions to run the wheels. The setting for the gear is a as well important factor in terms of access/decrease the driving force, and which radius of engine RPM is used.
Please see the left-hand diagram. This is for a current appliance.
The red line shows the difference in pitch ratio. There are A and B. A is used as a foundation, and when you want to boost the impulsive force, gear ratio Ｂ is chosen. This is often referred to as movement the final gear ratio.
In this instance, if you are driving a car at 100k/h, the engine RPM goes up and you get to drive at a range where kindling economy is poor, as it moves from sick yellow green to green domain.
In selecting gear ratio in customary engine, fuel economy and impulsive performance were always in a business-off relationship.
As you see on the right, SKYACTIV-X, the yellowness area of low fuel consumption is awfully broad, and if you see A and B, they can be used at the identical yellow fuel economy expanse. In other words, fuel husbandry does not change much yet if the load changes, and that dramatically cut down on the trade-off feeling by gear correlation between driving performance and fire economy. It allows you to choose pitch ratio that gives stimulating, responsive driving without sacrificing tinder economy.
Leveraging such kindling economy and torque characteristic , in the suit of Mazda3 2.0L , SKYACTIV-X can act driving performance that is wagerer than 2.5L, with lessen fuel consumption than 1.5L. In over-the-counter words, transmission gear correspondence that prioritizes driving about can be selected without deteriorating the kindling economy.
In the same token, it is doable to improve fuel economy without all the more deterioration of driving performance.
Any substitution in the market trend can be flexibly dealt with patch delivering our brand value of impulsive pleasure.
In our evaluation of a prototype container in real driving range, its CO2 egress was same as that of Mazda2 1.5L SKYACTIV-D, piece its acceleration feel was same as that of MX-5 SKYACTIV-G 2.0L, which gave us a fine confidence.
Lastly, I will natter about the positioning of this appliance in our product strategy to summarize my giving.
With regard to SKYACTIV-G locomotive introduced in 2011, they Testament be kept upgraded through our course such as the bundled planning and Monotsukuri Institution, and product improvement actions Testament be taken one after another, so that we faculty be able to keep our dealer saleroom filled with new and fresh effect, and for that purpose we will last to evolve SKYACTIV-G engines.
In Altaic market, SKYACTIV-D diesel mechanism is highly praised.
And in the US market, as shown hither, SAE paper states that the US EPA gave a altitudinous evaluation to SKYACTIV-G gasoline motor from the third party.
It put together us believe that SKYACTIVE-G and D machine still have strong production marketability. We will make minor upgrades to continue the enhancement of their marketability.
As their be competitiveness is getting stronger ended efforts in sales and production on the last several years, we accredit SKYACTIV-G, D, engines can still contribute high value for money to client for future.
We will continue to deceive products mounted with SKYACTIV-G raise and D- upgrade engines as they are stillness fully competitive, and in addition to them, fresh introduced SKYACTIV-X will thrive our lineup that has cost aggressiveness, great driving and excellent combustible economy.
And we can combine these leash strongly competitive engines with electrification application, which will enable us to act optimum combinations with result that will match district and customer characteristics in each bazaar, and contribute to grow our business.
We Mazda faculty protect the earth and enrich fill’s life through driving feeling, which is our company’s cause, and retain our challenge to pursue the ideal intimate combustion engine.
We will relate the ideal ICE with evolved transference, body, and chassis, and overlay the nearly critical control and electrification application to deliver Mild Hybrid, EV, cooking stove extender, and PHEV to offer them as consequence.
Electrification technologies including EVs, causative control technology, and battery government technology, will be developed by mould-based development method, to sanction efficient development of high grade products with low investment.
Finished such process innovations including Construction Block Strategy, model-supported development and Monotsukuri Innovation, we Testament do our best with our company amount, to prepare multiple solutions in plan to sustain our business toward 2020, and speechless the anticipated challenges toward 2025.
In damage of protecting the earth and to serve for our buyer around the world, we will be make to provide most optimal endowment source to each region and purchaser there.
Toward 2020 when Mazda Testament celebrate its centennial, we are committed to precede those technologies every gathering together with prototype conveyance, and in 2021 when the next 100 dayspring will begin, we are committed to return to our customers the total lineup of much products.
I would like to resolve my presentation today by making our subscribe to complete the preparation to start the attached 100 years as Mazda.
Express you very much for your clement attention.
